Crear un fichero .doc por programación

A veces puede interesar automatizar por programación la creación de un fichero .doc (Word).

Esto te puede ayudar en dos casos:

1. Si generas periódicamente, o frecuentemente, el mismo tipo de documento con ligeras variaciones (facturas, informes, etc.)




2. Si tienes que crear un documento a partir de un montón de imágenes, ficheros, otros documentos...
   

Por ejemplo organismos que generan miles de de documentos diarios como los tribunales de Ginebra utilizan un módulo Perl: MsOffice-Word-HTML-Writer-1.01

Para usar ese módulo Perl no hace falta ni Windows, ni tener el Word instalado.

Código fuente copiado del enlace indicado:

use MsOffice::Word::HTML::Writer;
  my $doc = MsOffice::Word::HTML::Writer->new(
    title        => "My new doc",
    WordDocument => {View => 'Print'},
  );

  $doc->write("<p>hello, world</p>",
              $doc->page_break,
              "<p>hello from another page</p>");

  $doc->create_section(
    page => {size   => "21.0cm 29.7cm",
             margin => "1.2cm 2.4cm 2.3cm 2.4cm"},
    header => sprintf("Section 2, page %s of %s",
                                  $doc->field('PAGE'),
                                  $doc->field('NUMPAGES')),
    footer => sprintf("printed at %s",
                                  $doc->field('PRINTDATE')),
    new_page => 1, # or 'left', or 'right'
  );
  $doc->write("this is the second section, look at header/footer");

  $doc->attach("my_image.gif", $path_to_my_image);
  $doc->write("<img src='files/my_image.gif'>");

  $doc->save_as("/path/to/some/file");

Si tenemos que hacerlo en un PC Windows va a ser más sencillo utilizar VB.NET como nos explican aquí: Cómo automatizar Word desde Visual Basic .NET para crear un nuevo documento


Código fuente copiado del enlace:

Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
      ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click

        Dim oWord As Word.Application
        Dim oDoc As Word.Document
        Dim oTable As Word.Table
        Dim oPara1 As Word.Paragraph, oPara2 As Word.Paragraph
        Dim oPara3 As Word.Paragraph, oPara4 As Word.Paragraph
        Dim oRng As Word.Range
        Dim oShape As Word.InlineShape
        Dim oChart As Object
        Dim Pos As Double

        'Start Word and open the document template.
        oWord = CreateObject("Word.Application")
        oWord.Visible = True
        oDoc = oWord.Documents.Add

        'Insert a paragraph at the beginning of the document.
        oPara1 = oDoc.Content.Paragraphs.Add
        oPara1.Range.Text = "Heading 1"
        oPara1.Range.Font.Bold = True
        oPara1.Format.SpaceAfter = 24    '24 pt spacing after paragraph.
        oPara1.Range.InsertParagraphAfter()

        'Insert a paragraph at the end of the document.
        '** \endofdoc is a predefined bookmark.
        oPara2 = oDoc.Content.Paragraphs.Add(oDoc.Bookmarks.Item("\endofdoc").Range)
        oPara2.Range.Text = "Heading 2"
        oPara2.Format.SpaceAfter = 6
        oPara2.Range.InsertParagraphAfter()

        'Insert another paragraph.
        oPara3 = oDoc.Content.Paragraphs.Add(oDoc.Bookmarks.Item("\endofdoc").Range)
        oPara3.Range.Text = "This is a sentence of normal text. Now here is a table:"
        oPara3.Range.Font.Bold = False
        oPara3.Format.SpaceAfter = 24
        oPara3.Range.InsertParagraphAfter()

        'Insert a 3 x 5 table, fill it with data, and make the first row
        'bold and italic.
        Dim r As Integer, c As Integer
        oTable = oDoc.Tables.Add(oDoc.Bookmarks.Item("\endofdoc").Range, 3, 5)
        oTable.Range.ParagraphFormat.SpaceAfter = 6
        For r = 1 To 3
            For c = 1 To 5
                oTable.Cell(r, c).Range.Text = "r" & r & "c" & c
            Next
        Next
        oTable.Rows.Item(1).Range.Font.Bold = True
        oTable.Rows.Item(1).Range.Font.Italic = True

        'Add some text after the table.
        'oTable.Range.InsertParagraphAfter()
        oPara4 = oDoc.Content.Paragraphs.Add(oDoc.Bookmarks.Item("\endofdoc").Range)
        oPara4.Range.InsertParagraphBefore()
        oPara4.Range.Text = "And here's another table:"
        oPara4.Format.SpaceAfter = 24
        oPara4.Range.InsertParagraphAfter()

        'Insert a 5 x 2 table, fill it with data, and change the column widths.
        oTable = oDoc.Tables.Add(oDoc.Bookmarks.Item("\endofdoc").Range, 5, 2)
        oTable.Range.ParagraphFormat.SpaceAfter = 6
        For r = 1 To 5
            For c = 1 To 2
                oTable.Cell(r, c).Range.Text = "r" & r & "c" & c
            Next
        Next
        oTable.Columns.Item(1).Width = oWord.InchesToPoints(2)   'Change width of columns 1 & 2
        oTable.Columns.Item(2).Width = oWord.InchesToPoints(3)

        'Keep inserting text. When you get to 7 inches from top of the
        'document, insert a hard page break.
        Pos = oWord.InchesToPoints(7)
        oDoc.Bookmarks.Item("\endofdoc").Range.InsertParagraphAfter()
        Do
            oRng = oDoc.Bookmarks.Item("\endofdoc").Range
            oRng.ParagraphFormat.SpaceAfter = 6
            oRng.InsertAfter("A line of text")
            oRng.InsertParagraphAfter()
        Loop While Pos >= oRng.Information(Word.WdInformation.wdVerticalPositionRelativeToPage)
        oRng.Collapse(Word.WdCollapseDirection.wdCollapseEnd)
        oRng.InsertBreak(Word.WdBreakType.wdPageBreak)
        oRng.Collapse(Word.WdCollapseDirection.wdCollapseEnd)
        oRng.InsertAfter("We're now on page 2. Here's my chart:")
        oRng.InsertParagraphAfter()

        'Insert a chart and change the chart.
        oShape = oDoc.Bookmarks.Item("\endofdoc").Range.InlineShapes.AddOLEObject( _
            ClassType:="MSGraph.Chart.8", FileName _
            :="", LinkToFile:=False, DisplayAsIcon:=False)
        oChart = oShape.OLEFormat.Object
        oChart.charttype = 4 'xlLine = 4
        oChart.Application.Update()
        oChart.Application.Quit()
        'If desired, you can proceed from here using the Microsoft Graph 
        'Object model on the oChart object to make additional changes to the
        'chart.
        oShape.Width = oWord.InchesToPoints(6.25)
        oShape.Height = oWord.InchesToPoints(3.57)

        'Add text after the chart.
        oRng = oDoc.Bookmarks.Item("\endofdoc").Range
        oRng.InsertParagraphAfter()
        oRng.InsertAfter("THE END.")

        'All done. Close this form.
        Me.Close()

    End Sub

Saludos.